Xi’s Economic Focus Meets Seoul’s Political Reality

Chinese President Xi Jinping arrived in Seoul with a clear focus on economics and “mutual respect,” but he was met with the harsh political realities facing South Korean President Lee Jae Myung. The summit was a story of competing priorities, with China seeking economic stability while Seoul wrestled with public protests and regional security threats.
China’s narrative for the visit was straightforward: business and partnership. This was exemplified by the signing of seven new economic agreements, including a currency swap, which Chinese state media eagerly promoted. President Xi’s public remarks were classic diplomacy, calling for “friendly consultation” to resolve differences.
President Lee’s reality, however, was far messier. On his own streets, hundreds of protesters rallied against Chinese influence, forcing Lee to confront the fact that many South Koreans are suspicious of the close ties he is nurturing. Lee, who has tried to crack down on these demonstrations, could not hide the domestic dissent.
On the security front, Lee’s agenda was immediately undermined. His crucial request for Xi to help restart dialogue with North Korea was met with a swift and public rejection from Pyongyang. The North’s statement dismissing the idea as a “pipe dream” was a major embarrassment for Lee.
The visit also took place under the shadow of the U.S.-China-Korea triangle, following a recent visit by U.S. President Trump. Lee had to navigate the treacherous issue of the 2017 THAAD missile system, a U.S. defense system China loathes. This, combined with discussions on sanctions, highlighted the immense pressure on Seoul as it balances its two most critical relationships.